Award winning producer also a songwriter Masterkraft come through with a new monster jam titled “Remember”.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD (Masterkraft – Remember)
Showing posts with label school news. Show all posts
Showing posts with label school news. Show all posts
Thursday, 19 April 2018
MUSIC:Masterkraft – Remember
Award winning producer also a songwriter Masterkraft come through with a new monster jam titled “Remember”.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD (Masterkraft – Remember)
MUSIC:Bishop ft. Small Doctor – Shiver (Prod. by Eli)
Kick off your week with some smooth afro fusion vibes from Bishop and Small Doctor.
This UK based rising crooner discovered his voice and song writing talent from an early age. Now making his official debut, the singer/songwriter has released his very first single in “Shiver” featuring Small Doctor.
Bishop’s groove inspired sound of shiver, blends with a grittier Small Doctor tungba take on Shaku Shaku on an Eli produced track.
“Brain Freeze, Shiver / Malaria, Shiver / Pressure, Shiver / Wetin she want, Jungle Fever.” guarantees not only to get you nodding your head but also on the dancing floor. @ludbishop
Listen and download “Bishop Ft. Small Doctor – Shiver” below.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD Bishop ft. Small Doctor – Shiver (Prod. by Eli)
MUSIC:Kcee – Bullion Squad
Five Star Music General , KCEE unveils a brand new single titled ”BULLION SQUAD” . Listen and share your thought!!
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD (Kcee – Bullion Squad).
MUSIC:Samklef ft. Demarco, Ceezamilli & DJ Dimplez – African Gyal
Taking no time off; Versatile Nigerian music producer, “Samklef” who recently released Skelebe with his label boss Akon which is still gaining airplay is back with a new tune titled “African Gyal”
The self produced “African Gyal” features Demarco, Ceezamilli and DJ Dimplez.
DOWNLOAD (Samklef ft. Demarco, Ceezamilli & DJ Dimpl
MUSIC:Tekno – Jogodo (SNIPPET)
Tekno is about another banger titled ”JOGODO” . Listen to the snippet below.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD TEKNO JOGODO MP3
Thursday, 8 March 2018
JAMB Exam: 7 Important Things You Must Know Before Exam Day
We have come up with 7 important things all candidates preparing for the 2018 JAMB exam need to know before the exam day. This is based on what we observed during the JAMB mock examination and we believe it will greatly help all the candidates preparing for the 2018 main JAMB exam.Many candidates were unable to participate in the Jamb mock examination for one reason or the other. It is majorly for such candidates we have decided to share this important information so they will know what to expect in the 2018 JAMB exam and increase their chances of making excellent scores during the exam.
For those who participated in the examination but did not take note or take these important things serious, it is advisable you go through this post as well and ensure you keep these things in mind as it will help you greatly during the JAMB exam.
To make it easier for you to understand and keep in mind before the JAMB exam, we will break the points down.
When You Get To The JAMB Exam Centre…….
When you get to the JAMB exam centre, the first thing you will be required to do before the exam commences is Biometric verification which involves thumb printing and verification of other bio data. After thumb printing, you will be taking into the exam hall and shown your computer and seat for the examination. You may have to wait for the invigilators directive concerning when to start. You will see “Enter Registration Number” on the computer screen. Once you are told to start, you will need to enter your registration number in the space provided to login. When logged in, you will need to take note of these three things;
ALSO READ: 4 New Important Changes On JAMB CBT Exam You Need To Know
Your passport photograph at the top left hand side of the screen.
A brief instruction on how to use the eight-key device. This is located at the top right hand side of the screen
An on-screen calculator (for questions that involves calculation) also at the top right hand side of the computer screen. I will guide you on how to use the on-screen calculator as we proceed.
Finally a bold box which says, “Start Exam”. Once you click “Start Exam”, your time starts counting down…..Just start answering the questions as they come.
Use Of The Eight-Key Device And Mouse
JAMB earlier stated that mouse will not be used for the conduct of the examination. However, from what we observed during the mock examination, both mouse and the eight-key device will be made available for candidates. So we advise candidates to master the use of the two. However, in selecting the answers to the questions, it is better to use the eight key device as it saves time and will kelp you finish on time. So I will advise that you use the eight key device to provide answers to the questions asked and use the mouse got other purposes like;
1. If you need to switch from one subject to another. Like if you want to answer a particular subject before going to another.
2. If you need to use the on-screen calculator at the top right corner of your screen. For detailed information on how mouse the mouse and the eight-key device, visit this link: JAMB CBT Exam Tutorial to learn about the use of the eight-key device and the mouse in great details.
Answering JAMB 180 Questions In 2 Hours
There will be 180 questions to answer. That is 60 questions in Use of English and 40 questions in each of the other three subjects. You will be given 2 hours (120 minutes) to answer all the questions. I have always advised candidates to work on the length of time they use on answering questions. Do not expect that your time must be up to 2 hours. Anything can happen. So you should work on answering questions with the minimum possible time. I provided a detailed information that will help you on that. CLICK HERE to access it.
Do Not Incriminate Your self In Any Way
Be sure not to involve in any form of examination malpractice, bring in or do anything that will incriminate you. In line with the directive giving by JAMB to all the examination centres, CCTV cameras have been installed in the examination centres. It was used during the mock examination. It will equally be used during the main JAMB Examination. That means unseen eyes will be watching you. So be careful what you do.
Expect Up to 60% of JAMB Past questions
Up to 60 percent of the questions asked during the mock examination were from past questions. It will be the same during the main JAMB exam. So if you have been practicing JAMB Past questions, Kudos! Expect to see most of the questions or something similar during the main JAMB exam. If you have not been practicing past questions, you better start now and cover as much as you can before the examination.
ALSO READ: Why You Need JAMB Past Questions To Prepare For JAMB CBT Exam
Using The On-Screen Calculator
Like I said before, you will find the calculator at the top right hand side of the computer. You may need this to answer questions that involve calculations. The calculator is not like and does not function like the normal calculator you know. So you need to learn how to use it. Let’s say for instance, you want to solve this simple calculation, 15 x 3 using the calculator. When you press 15 and click on the multiplication sign (x), it will display as (15.) instead of (15 x) when you now click 3 instead of seeing (15 x 3) or (15 . 3), the (15.) will disappear and you will see only (3). If that happens do not panic just click on the equal to sign (=) to see the answer.
Resolving the Issue Of Computer Freeze
It seems that the computer has been programmed to freeze or hang if you leave for more than one minute without giving it any commend. That was what most of the candidates that participated in the JAMB mock exam experienced. However there is a solution. If you experience something like this during the main examination, all you need to do is to press the F5 key or ctrl + F5 on your key board to solve the issue. If you do not know how to go about this, please call the attention of an invigilator or supervisor.
Important Changes On JAMB CBT Exam You Need To Know
Last year, JAMB introduced four (4) new important changes in the conduct of JAMB CBT Exam for UTME candidates.
If you are participating in the UTME for the first time this year, it is important you take note of these changes.
For the sake of clarity, we wish to point out these new important changes and provide explanations where necessary so that you will be properly guided.
Changes On JAMB CBT Exam You Need To Know
JAMB CBT Exam Duration (Time) Has been Reduced from 3 Hours to 2 Hours:
The time candidates have to answer the exam questions have been reduced from the 3 hours that it used to be to 2 hours.
This simply means that candidates will have to work on how fast they can answer JAMB CBT exam questions. There are JAMB CBT softwares you can use to practice JAMB CBT questions and with constant practice, candidates will be able to increase their pace of answering questions and be able to do well during the actual JAMB CBT exam. If you need to get one of these softwares, I recommend the one by myschool.ng
Number of Exam Questions Have Been Reduced
Before now, JAMB CBT examination usually comprise 100 questions for Use of English and 50 questions each for the other three subjects a candidate is expected to sit for bringing the total number of questions to 250. However, JAMB has disclosed that there will be a change.
Questions on Use of English will be reduced to 60 while for the other remaining subjects, the questions will be reduced to 40 questions each. This will bring the total number of questions a candidates is expected to answer to 180.
Exam Questions Are Uploaded 5 Minutes Before The Exam
The CBT exam questions will be uploaded by JAMB just five (5 mins) before the examination. This means that candidates must have already been seated in the examination hall before the questions will be uploaded. The purpose of this is to make sure that the JAMB CBT exam questions do not leak before the exam begins. It will also make exam malpractice very difficult.
So this simply means that it will be almost impossible to get an idea of the questions before the examination. So any body promising you that he/she will send you answers or give you “EXPO” is only deceiving you and just wants to defraud you.
So candidates writing the exam should note that the only sure way to succeed in the JAMB CBT exam, is to study hard. Do not fall victim to fraudsters who only want to eat your money by promising to send you “EXPO” on the examination day.
Use Of Eight-Key Device To Answer JAMB CBT Questions Not Mouse:
In previous years, JAMB candidates use a mouse attached to the computer systems to answer JAMB CBT exam questions and navigate through the whole CBT interface. However, many do complain that some of the candidates who have little or no idea on the use of computer systems are often put at a disadvantage compared to those who already know how to use computer systems before the examination.
Now considering this, JAMB has developed an eight key device that candidates can use as a navigation tool to provide answers to the exam Questions. Both the Mouse and the Eight Key device may be available on the exam day. So use the one you are comfortable with.
Let us take time to explain the “eight key device” system for a better understanding.
The “eight key device” will be made up of eight letters of the alphabet namely: A,B,C,D,P,N,S,R
Letter A,B,C,D is to be used to provide answers to the CBT questions. So if the answer to a question is letter B, just simply tap letter “B” on the device and it will appear on the computer screen that you have selected letter B as your answer to the question.
letter P,N,S,R serves other navigational purposes as explained below;
P = Means “Previous Question” (when you tap on letter P, it takes you to the previous question you have answered or jumped)
N = Means “Next Question” (when you tap on letter “N” it takes you to the next question )
S = Means “Submit” (Candidates are to tap on this button only when the want to submit their examination. This means you have FINISHED THE EXAMINATION)
R = Means “Reverse” ( If for any reason you wish to go back to the questions after submitting, simply tap on the “R” button to go back).
We hope this helps. If you have questions on this, use the comment box.
How To Answer JAMB CBT Exam Questions And Score High
Many candidates often prepare well for examinations and still end up disappointing themselves for some reasons. The major reason being that they are not informed on how best to approach the examination. In this post, we would like to guide you on how to approach and answer JAMB CBT Exam questions and come out in flying colours.
If you are not too familiar with JAMB CBT Examination, we have a guide that provides all you need to know about the examination on this link: JAMB CBT Exam Guide: How To Start And Finish JAMB CBT Exam
Now, let’s proceed to look how to approach and answer JAMB CBT exam questions. The points will be broken down into bits for easy understanding.
How To Answer JAMB CBT Exam Questions
1. Make sure you read the instructions very carefully
Once you are seated in the front of your computer system, you may be required to type in your JAMB Registration Number. One you have done this, the instructions will be shown to you. Ensure your read through the instruction and have a clear understanding of what is required of you before your proceed to start your exam. Every instruction given to you by the invigilator as well as the instructions on your computer screen should be followed strictly.
After you have entered you registration number the details which you provided during your JAMB registration will be auto generated and shown on the screen. These details may include your name, passport, subjects you will be writing. Ensure all of these details are correct and matches your own details before proceeding to answer the questions to avoid losing your result to some one else . If there is anything that is not in order, please do call the attention of the invigilator.
Plan how much time you will spend on each of the subjects: Speed as much as accuracy is very important in any examination more so in JAMB CBT examination. You have 2 hours to answer 180 questions. You do not need to spend too much time on a question. It will do you good to even share the time among the questions so you determine the maximum time you are to spend on a questions to avoid spending unnecessary time on a question. Let me help you with that.
JAMB Questions = 180
Time = 2hrs
English = 60 Questions, Time = 40 mins
2nd Subject= 40 Questions, Time = 27 mins
3rd Subject= 40 Questions, Time = 27 mins
4th Subject= 40 Questions, Time = 26 mins
That means you should spend an average of 40 seconds on one question. If possible, answer the questions as they come (you will only be able to see one question on the screen at a time) because you may not have all the time to go back to any question you may have jumped. However, if after answering all the question and there is still time, you can now go back to those questions you think you may not have answered correctly to see if there are changes to be made. Remember that once your time is up, the computer will shut down by itself and submit your answers automatically. Computer is not like a human you will tell, “Please sir, just two more minutes.”
ALSO READ: 4 New Important Changes On JAMB CBT Exam You Need To Know
Ensure you understand the question before you pick your option
Don’t simply jump into picking your answers during the Jamb exam. Take the first couple of seconds to understand the question before choosing an option as your answer. JAMB can be quite tricky in their questions. Look out for tricky questions with similar answers especially in use of English, many questions you approach will look quite simple and the answer may seem so obvious but in most cases, that is not actually the case. Now one rule I am going to give you in concerning JAMB CBT exam is this: If the questions sounds too simple and the answer seems so easy and obvious, take a second look at the question. I repeat JAMB is very tricky. So, understand the question before you pick your answer.
Start with the subject you know best or more comfortable with
It is always advisable to start Use of English paper and then proceed to another subject you know best. However, it is not a must. You can start with any subject you are more comfortable with. The reason you need to start with the subject you are more comfortable with or you consider difficult is that it will help you build the needed confidence to attempt other subjects you may not be more comfortable with and equally help you save time for the difficult ones.
Questions that Requires more brain work
Obviously some questions or subjects may require more brain work than others especially the ones that involves calculations or logical reasoning. Even at that, do not spend unnecessary time trying to answer a question. After answering all the questions and there is still time, you can always come back to attempt any question you may have jumped. So if the questions seems to be taken more time than expected, look at the options and check if you have gotten enough information from your calculations and reasoning as the case may be to infer an answer. If you have, please choose the most logical answer and proceed.
Attempt All questions – Answer All Questions
What ever you do, try and answer all questions. This will increase your chances of scoring high in examination. Forget about negative marking. Practically there is nothing like that in JAMB CBT Exam. So, make sure you provide an answer to a question whether you are sure of the answer or not. If you are not sure, guess logically or go with your instinct or intuition .
Guess logically Using Elimination Method
Since it is a multiple choice questions, even if you do not know the answers to the questions, you can apply the elimination method. After going through the available options, if you prepared like you should for the exam, you will likely discover one or two options that will never be the correct answer to the question. Eliminate them and work with the remaining options. This is similar to the 50:50 lifeline in the “Who wants to be a millionaire” television program where the computer takes away two incorrect options and leaves two options – one being the correct answer and the other an incorrect option. This will increase your chances of choosing the correct answer. Remember it is better to choose and possibly be right than to leave blank and not have any chance at all.
80 percent of JAMB candidates not qualified to write UTME – Registrar
The Registrar of the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board, JAMB, Prof. Ishaq Oloyede, has revealed that 40 per cent of candidates, who pass the examination annually conducted by the body, do not have the qualification to study in the university.
This was as he stated that 80 per cent of the 1.5 candidates, who apply to write the yearly Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination, UTME, do not have the qualifications to sit for it.
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Oloyede made this known in Abuja at the 2016 Nigeria Higher Education Summit with the theme: “Exploiting diversity, differentiation and quality assurance in revitalising the Nigerian higher education system.”
The event was organised by the Committee of Vice-Chancellors of Nigerian Federal Universities in collaboration with Trust Africa.
According to the JAMB boss, “Forty per cent of them (those who sit for JAMB exam) do not have qualification. They may pass JAMB, but they do not have the O’Level requirements to go into the universities.
“By the time you mop up the whole thing, what will remain is not this big figure (1.5 million) that gives us the type of shameful statistics you parade all over Africa,” he added.
Learn the secret to truly natural weight loss plus testimonies of people who
In his remarks, the Secretary-General of Association of the Vice Chancellors of Nigerian Universities, Prof. Michael Faborode said the researches done by Nigerian universities needs to be celebrated.
“Let us appreciate these things and let us bring them to the fore so that we will not just be mourning over the challenges alone; let us celebrate the successes,” he said.
The JAMB Registrar had before now stated that the move by the Senate to extend the validity of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination, UTME, to three years will do more harm than good, stressing that the approachmay not solve the problem it seeks to address.
JAMB: Steps to check your results
The Joint Admission and Matriculation Board, JAMB, has started releasing results for the 2017 UTME.
The UTME started on 13th May, 2017.
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DAILYPOST helps you with some of the procedures you may require to check your result.
For people who are yet to see their results, JAMB usually releases results in batches.
1. Login to your profile at
www.jamb.org.ng
2. Scroll down a bit and find the box that says “Check 2017 UTME Examination Results.” Click on it.
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3. It should either display your result or tell you “No Result Yet”
JAMB will provide you with reasons such as:
1. You were involved in Malpractice
2. You missed your schedule
3. You were too late to the exam E.T.C.
If your result was seized.
JAMB gives reason UTME results will not be released immediately
The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) has given reason the results of the 2018 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination UTME, scheduled to begin on Friday, March 9, to March 17 will not be released immediately.
The board said to review the activities of the candidates and to minimise the number of cancellations of result, it will not be released as it did in 2017.
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The registrar of the board, Ishaq Oloyede, disclosed this during a press conference titled “Conduct of the 2018 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination” in Abuja on Wednesday.
Oloyede said, “We want to monitor everything that happens through our CCT cameras. Last year, we proved a point that there is nothing extraordinary in the immediate release of results but we had to cancel some results when we found out what happened in some centres.
”So, if we have to take two or three days to look at the conduct of the candidates before releasing the result so as to minimise cancellation, then we will do so.”
Mr. Oloyede further said no computer-based centre is allowed to collect any cash from the candidates.
“It is fraudulent to engage in multiple registrations, although the new system of capturing live pictures through cameras instead of scanning of pictures, biometrics capturing of fingers and the order of arrangement of names has curtailed incidences of multiple registration.
”The board is worried about the incessant cases of candidates being defrauded by syndicates, during the registration period. We arrested some of these syndicates. We call on all of you to be on the watch and call on us where such in formation is made available to you.
“About 6500 permanent and ad-hoc staff are deployed for the examination and each centre is to be manned by 10 officials. It is necessary to disclose that the board has concluded all arrangement for its activities for the 2019 exercise and a calendar has been released on our site”, the registrar added.
Postgraduate Study - University Of
Greenwich
The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) has given reason the results of the 2018 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination UTME, scheduled to begin on Friday, March 9, to March 17 will not be released immediately.
The board said to review the activities of the candidates and to minimise the number of cancellations of result, it will not be released as it did in 2017.
Postgraduate Study - University Of
Greenwich
The registrar of the board, Ishaq Oloyede, disclosed this during a press conference titled “Conduct of the 2018 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination” in Abuja on Wednesday.
Oloyede said, “We want to monitor everything that happens through our CCT cameras. Last year, we proved a point that there is nothing extraordinary in the immediate release of results but we had to cancel some results when we found out what happened in some centres.
”So, if we have to take two or three days to look at the conduct of the candidates before releasing the result so as to minimise cancellation, then we will do so.”
Mr. Oloyede further said no computer-based centre is allowed to collect any cash from the candidates.
“It is fraudulent to engage in multiple registrations, although the new system of capturing live pictures through cameras instead of scanning of pictures, biometrics capturing of fingers and the order of arrangement of names has curtailed incidences of multiple registration.
”The board is worried about the incessant cases of candidates being defrauded by syndicates, during the registration period. We arrested some of these syndicates. We call on all of you to be on the watch and call on us where such in formation is made available to you.
“About 6500 permanent and ad-hoc staff are deployed for the examination and each centre is to be manned by 10 officials. It is necessary to disclose that the board has concluded all arrangement for its activities for the 2019 exercise and a calendar has been released on our site”, the registrar added.
Postgraduate Study - University Of
Greenwich
Wednesday, 7 March 2018
JAMB gives reason UTME results will not be released immediately
The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) has given reason the results of the 2018 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination UTME, scheduled to begin on Friday, March 9, to March 17 will not be released immediately.
The board said to review the activities of the candidates and to minimise the number of cancellations of result, it will not be released as it did in 2017.
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The registrar of the board, Ishaq Oloyede, disclosed this during a press conference titled “Conduct of the 2018 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination” in Abuja on Wednesday.
Oloyede said, “We want to monitor everything that happens through our CCT cameras. Last year, we proved a point that there is nothing extraordinary in the immediate release of results but we had to cancel some results when we found out what happened in some centres.
”So, if we have to take two or three days to look at the conduct of the candidates before releasing the result so as to minimise cancellation, then we will do so.”
Mr. Oloyede further said no computer-based centre is allowed to collect any cash from the candidates.
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“It is fraudulent to engage in multiple registrations, although the new system of capturing live pictures through cameras instead of scanning of pictures, biometrics capturing of fingers and the order of arrangement of names has curtailed incidences of multiple registration.
”The board is worried about the incessant cases of candidates being defrauded by syndicates, during the registration period. We arrested some of these syndicates. We call on all of you to be on the watch and call on us where such in formation is made available to you.
“About 6500 permanent and ad-hoc staff are deployed for the examination and each centre is to be manned by 10 officials. It is necessary to disclose that the board has concluded all arrangement for its activities for the 2019 exercise and a calendar has been released on our site”, the registrar added.
16 items JAMB candidates must not take to exam venue (FULL LIST)
Cleared Candidates for JAMB Unified Tertiary Matriculations Examination (UTME) Computer Based Text writing their examination at a centre in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State on Monday (15/5/17). 02556/15/5/2017/Anthony Okpu/EO/ICE/NAN
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Candidates’ lateness: JAMB will not reschedule exam -- Oloyede
JAMB: Why some applicants could not write mock UTME - Oloyede
Ahead of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) which will begin on Friday, March 9 to March 17, the Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB) has again warned candidates against bringing in prohibited items into the examination halls.
In a document seen by PREMIUM TIMES and signed by the registrar of the board, Ishaq Oloyede, the prohibited items were listed.
Mr Oloyede said the items were prohibited in order to secure the sanctity and integrity of the board’s examination.
“Kindly note that the examination officials are allowed to scrutinise eye glass or similar devices and when convinced that such item may compromise the sanctity of the examination, the examination official should confiscate it”, he said.
The registrar said that entry into the examination venue by unauthorised person will be sanctioned.
“Where examination official (Board staff or Adhoc staff) or any authorised person is found with any of these prohibited items in the examination hall, such compromising action would be treated as a deliberate act of examination sabotage and necessary sanction will be applied”, the registrar said.
PREMIUM TIMES had reported how the Board directed candidates for the 2018 UTME to start printing their examination notification slip from March 6.
Similarly, the spokesperson of the board, Fabian Benjamin in a phone interview with PREMIUM TIMES said the notification slip also carries the time and date allocated to each candidate.
He said the candidate should ensure they print before Friday noting that the board will not reschedule exam.
“Printing of the E-slip is important for candidates in order to get the date and time scheduled for their examination early, also lateness will not be tolerated”, Mr Benjamin said.

About 1.6 million candidates are expected to write the examination in 602 centres across the country.
List of items prohibited:
1) Watches
2) Pen/Biros
3) Mobile phones or similar electronic devices
4) Spy reading glasses which should be scrutinised
5) Calculators or similar electronic devices
6) USB, CD, hard disks and or similar storage devices
7) Books or any reading/writing material.

8) Cameras
9) Recorders
10) Microphones
11) Ear pieces
12) Ink/pen readers
13) Smart lenses
14) Smart rings/ jewellery
15) Smart buttons
16) Bluetooth devices.
Show 102550100 entries
Thursday, 8 February 2018
COMMERCE Syllabus from JAMB KEYPOINT
The aim of this 2018 JAMB Economics Syllabus for Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME), is to prepare the candidates for the Board's examination. It is designed to test their understanding of the course objectives, which are to:
(1) acquire the basic knowledge of Commerce;
(2) examine the relationship between Commerce and other related fields;
(3) apply the principles of Commerce in the Nigerian economy and
(4) appreciate dynamic and positive changes in commercial activities.
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES OBJECTIVES
1. Commerce
(i) Meaning and scope
(ii) Characteristics
(iii) Functions
Candidates should be able to:
(i) differentiate between Commerce and other related subjects;
(ii) describe the characteristics of Commerce;
(iii) Identify the functions of Commerce
2. Occupation
(i) Meaning and importance
(ii) Types (industrial, commercial and services)
(iii) Factors that determine choice of occupation
Candidates should be able to:
(i) State the importance of occupation;
(ii) Compare the different types of occupation;
(iii) Identify the factors determining the choice of occupation.
3. Production
(i) Factors, characteristics and rewards (land, labour, capital and entrepreneur)
(ii) Division of Labour and specialization
(iii) Types (primary, secondary and tertiary)
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the Factors of Production and their rewards;
(ii) distinguish between Division of Labour and Specialization;
(iii) classify the types of production.
4. Trade
a. Home Trade
(i) Retail trade:
- Types of retailers
- Functions of retailers
- Factors to be considered in setting up retail trade
- Trends in retailing (branding, self -service, vending machines, the use of luncheon, fuel vouchers, etc)
- Advantages and disadvantages of retailers
(ii) Wholesale trade:
- Types of wholesalers (merchant, agent, general, etc)
- Functions of wholesalers
- Advantages and disadvantages of wholesalers
b. Foreign trade
(i) Basic issues in foreign trade (balance of trade, balance of payments and counter trade)
(ii) Procedures and documents used in export, import and entreport trade
(iii) Barriers to international trade
(iv) Role of Customs and Excise Authority, Ports Authority, etc in foreign trade
Candidates should be able to:
(i) compare the various types of retailers;
(ii) identify the functions of retailers;
(iii) highlight the factors in setting up retail trade;
(iv) classify modern retailing practices;
(v) identify the advantages and disadvantages of retail business;
(vi) classify the types of wholesalers;
(vii) discuss the functions of wholesalers;
(viii) outline the merits and demerits of the middleman;
(ix) analyse the basic issues in foreign trade;
(x) explain the procedures and documents used in foreign trade;
(xi) identify the barriers to international trade;
(xii) appraise the role of government agencies in foreign trade
5. Purchase and Sale of Goods
(i) Procedure and documentation (enquiry, quotation, order, invoice, proforma invoice, statement of accounts, indent, consular invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin, consignment note, etc)
(ii) Terms of trade (trade discount,
quantity discount, cash discount, warranties, C.O.D., C.I.F., F.O.B., and E.O.E. etc)
(iii) Terms of payments
a. Cash - Legal tender
b. Credit
- Types and functions
- Merits and demerits
Candidates should be able to:
(i) examine the procedures and documents used in the purchase and sale of goods;
(ii) determine the terms of trade;
(iii) distinguish between cash and credit forms of payment;
(iv) identify the types of credit;
(v) analyse the merits and demerits of credit transactions.
6. Aids-to-trade
a. Advertising:
(i) Types and media
(ii) Advantages and disadvantages
b. Banking:
(i) Types of bank
(ii) Services
(iii) Challenges
c. Communication:
(i) Process and procedure
(ii) Types
(iii) Trends
(iv) Merits and demerits
(v) Barriers
d. Insurance:
(i) Types
(ii) Principles
(iii) Terms
(iv) Importance
e. Tourism:
(i) Importance
(ii) Agencies that promote tourism in Nigeria
(iii) Challenges
f. Transportation:
(i) Mode
(ii) Importance
(iii) Advantages and disadvantages
g. Warehousing :
(i) Importance
(ii) Types and functions
(iii) Factors to be considered in siting a warehouse
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the different types of
advertising and its media;
(ii) analyse the advantages and disadvantages of advertising;
(iii) categorize the different types of bank;
(iv) assess the services rendered by banks;
(v) identify the challenges facing banks;
(vi) assess the different stages in the communication process;
(vii) analyse the types of communication;
(viii) appraise the contributions of courier services, GSM, etc., to businesses;
(ix) state the merits and demerits of communication;
(x) outline the barriers to communication
(xi) describe the types of insurance;
(xii) apply the principles of insurance to life situations;
(xiii) explain the terms in insurance;
(xiv) state the importance of insurance;
(xv) examine the importance of tourism;
(xvi) identify the agencies that promote tourism in Nigeria;
(xvii) analyse the challenges facing tourism in Nigeria;
(xviii) appraise the relevance of the various
modes of transportation;
(xix) list the importance of transportation;
(xx) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of transportation;
(xxi) highlight the importance of warehousing;
(xxii) appraise the contributions of warehouses to businesses.
(xxiii) evaluate the factors that determine the siting of warehouses
7. Business Units
(i) Forms and features (Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Companies, Public Corporations, Cooperative Societies, etc.)
(ii) Registration of businesses
(iii) Business Mergers
(iv) Determination of choice of business units
(v) Dissolution and liquidation
(vi) Merits and demerits
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the forms and features of business units;
(ii) analyse the procedures for registering businesses;
(iii) appraise the different forms of business mergers and the reasons for merging;
(iv) examine the factors which determine the choice of business units;
(v) differentiate between dissolution and liquidation of business;
(vi) state the merits and demerits of business units.
8. Financing Business
(i) Sources of finance (personal savings, sale of shares and bonds, loans, debentures, mortgage, bank overdraft, ploughing back of profit, credit purchase, leasing, etc.)
(ii) Types of capital (share capital, capital owned, authorized (capital, issued capital, called-up capital, paid-up capital, liquid capital, working capital and owners' equity)
(iii) Calculation of forms of capital, profits (gross and net) and turnover
(iv) Problems of sourcing finance
(v) The role of Bureaux de change in an economy
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the various ways of financing a business;
(ii) discuss the different types of capital
(iii) compute the different forms of capital, profits and turnover;
(iv) appraise the problems associated with sourcing finances for business;
(v) assess the role of bureaux de change in an economy.
9. Trade Associations
(i) Objectives and functions of trade and manufacturer's associations (Cocoa Farmers' Association, Garri Sellers' Association, Poultry Farmers' Association, etc.)
(ii) Objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce.
Candidates should be able to:
(i) discuss the objectives and functions of trade and manufacturer's associations;
(ii) list the objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce.
10. Money
(i) Evolution
(ii) Forms and qualities
(iii) Functions
Candidates should be able to:
(i) discuss the origin of money;
(ii) analyse the forms and qualities of money;
(iii) appraise the functions of money.
11. Stock Exchange
(i) Importance and functions
(ii) Types of securities (stocks, shares, bonds, debentures, etc)
(iii) Procedure of transactions and speculations
(iv) Second-Tier Securities Market, (listing requirements, types of companies for the market, advantages and operating regulations of the market.)
Candidates should be able to:
(i) state the importance and functions of the Stock Exchange;
(ii) identify the different securities traded on the Stock Exchange;
(iii) analyse the procedure of transactions and speculations on the Stock Exchange;
(iv) appraise the advantages and operating regulations of the market.
12. Elements of Business Management
(i) Functions (planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, motivating, communicating, controlling etc)
(ii) Principles (span of control, unity of command, delegation of authority, etc)
(iii) Organizational structure (line, line and staff, functional, matrix and committee)
(iv) Functional areas of business (production, marketing, finance and personnel)
(v) Business resources (man, money, materials, machines and opportunities/goodwill)
Candidates should be able to:
(i) appraise the functions of management;
(ii) analyse the principles of management;
(iii) identify organizational structures;
(iv) assess the functional areas of business;
(v) examine the business resources.
13. Elements of Marketing
(i) Importance and Functions
(ii) The marketing concept (consumer orientation, customer satisfaction, integrated marketing, etc)
(iii) Marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion)
(iv) Market Segmentation
(v) Public relations and Customer Service
Candidates should be able to:
(i) highlight the importance and functions of marketing;
(ii) discuss the marketing concept;
(iii) assess the elements of marketing mix;
(iv) explain market segmentation;
(v) examine public relations and customer service.
14. Legal Aspects of Business
(i) Meaning and validity of a simple contract
(ii) Agency, Sale of Goods Act and Hire Purchase Act
(iii) Contract of employment
(iv) Government regulations of business (registration of business, patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc)
(v) Consumer protection (Government legislation, Standards Organization Trade Descriptions Act, Consumer Protection Council, NAFDAC, NDLEA, Customs and Excise, etc.)
(vi) Regulatory agencies.
Candidates should be able to:
(i) analyse the elements and validity of a simple contract;
(ii) examine Agency, Sale of Goods Act and Hire Purchase Act;
(iii) assess the rights and obligations of employers and employees;
(iv) distinguish between patents, trademarks and copyrights;
(v) identify the functions of consumerism;
(vi) assess the relevance of regulatory agencies and acts in the provision of safe goods and drugs.
15. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
a. Computer:
(i) Appreciation and application
(ii) Types and functions
(iii) Merits and demerits
(iv) Challenges
b. Terms (Internet, Intranet, browsing, password, e-mail, google, yahoo, search, Local Area Network, etc.)
c. Activities:
(i) e-commerce
(ii) e-banking
(iii) e-business
Candidates should be able to:
(i) discuss computer appreciation and application;
(ii) enumerate the types and functions of computer;
(iii) analyse the merits and demerits of ICT;
(iv) appraise the challenges of using the computer;
(v) identify the different terms used in ICT;
(vi) evaluate the trends in ICT.
16. Business Environment and Social Responsibility
(i) Legal, political, economic, social, cultural, technological environments, etc
(ii) Safe products, philanthropic and societal consideration
(iii) Types and implication of pollution (water, air, land, etc.)
Candidates should be able to:
(i) discuss the types of business environment;
(ii) assess the role of social environment in the provision of safe products;
(iii) identify the different types of pollution and their implications on businesses.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
Anderson, D. J. (1978) Commerce for West Africa, London: Macmillan.
Ahukannah, L. I. et al (1992) Commerce for Secondary Schools Onitsha: Africana - First Publishers.
Asaolu, A. and Igwe, P. M. (2005) New Syllabus Commerce for Secondary Schools Books 1 - 3 (Second Edition) Ibadan: Evans.
Babatunde, A. H. (1999) Handbook on Commerce for Schools and Colleges, (First Edition), Global Publications.
Eriki, P. O. (1998) Working with Computer, Benin: Bofic Publishers.
French, C. S. (2000) Computer Science, (Fifth Edition), Britain: Ashford.
Ibru, G. M. (2004) Nigeria: The Promise of Tourism, Lagos: G.S.L. Publishing Limited.
Igwe, P. M. e tal (2004) Countdown to WASSCE/SSCE/NECO/JME Commerce, Ibadan: Evans.
James, A. F, et al (1996) Management, (Sixth Edition), New Delhi: Prentice Hall).
Nwachukwu, C. C. (1999) Management Theory and Practice, Onitsha: Africana - First Publishers.
Odedokun, M. O. et al (1999) Commerce for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1 - 3, Lagos: Longman.
Odoom, F. F. (1998) Commerce for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1 - 3, Ibadan: Onibonoje.
Onifade, A. (2001) Management: Office Business Education, Abeokuta: KAPPCO.
Onifade, A. (2002) The Computer for Word Processing and Internet, Abeokuta: KAPPCO.
Onu, A. J. C. (2000) Marketing Today, Abuja: Precious Treasures Ltd.
Pallister, J. and Isaacs, A. (eds) (2002) A Dictionary of Business (Third Edition), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ubaka, O. A., (2012), Commerce Simplified for SSS 1 - 3, WAEC, NECO, JAMB & NABTEB EXAMS, Garki, Abuja: Andyson Millennium Concepts Ltd.
Government Syllabus from JAMB keypoint
The aim of this 2018 JAMB Government Syllabus for Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME), is to prepare the candidates for the Board's examination. It is designed to test their knowledge in Government, with a view to determining their suitability for placement in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria.
These objectives are to:
i. appreciate the meaning of government;
ii. analyse the framework and specify the institutions of government;
iii. appreciate the basic principles of democratic governance and their application in Nigeria;
iv. explain the concept of citizenship and define the duties and obligations of a citizen;
v. appreciate the process of political development in Nigeria;
vi. evaluate the political development and problems of governance in Nigeria;
vii. understand the determinants and dynamics of foreign policy as it relates to Nigeria;
viii. assess the role of Nigeria as a member of the international community and the workings of international organizations.
PART 1: ELEMENTS OF GOVERNMENT
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
1. Basic Concepts in Government
a. Power, Authority, Legitimacy,
Sovereignty;
b. Society, State, Nation, Nation-State;
c. Political Processes;
Political Socialization, Political
Participation, Political Culture.
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the fundamental concepts in governance;
ii. analyse various political processes;
2. Forms of Government:
Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy,
Autocracy, Republicanism, Democracydefinitions,
features, merits and
demerits.
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between different forms of
government.
3. Arms of Government:
a. The Legislature - types, structure, functions, powers;
b. The Executive - types, functions, powers;
c. The Judiciary - functions, powers, components.
d. Their relationships
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the duties and obligations of the various arms of government and their agencies;
ii. relate each arm to its functions;
iii. appreciate how these arms interrelates.
4. Structures of Governance:
a. Unitary - features, reasons for adoption, merits and demerits
b. Federal - features, reasons for adoption, merits and demerits
c. Confederal - features, reasons for adoption, merits and demerits.
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the various political structures of governance.
5. Systems of Governance:
Presidential, Parliamentary and Monarchical.
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between the different systems of governance.
6. Political Ideologies:
Communalism, Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, Totalitarianism, Fascism, Nazism.
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between the major political ideologies;
ii. contrast modes of production,
7. Constitution:
Meaning, Sources, Functions, Types - Written, Unwritten, Rigid and Flexible.
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define and identify sources and functions of constitutions;
ii. compare the nature of constitutions.
8. Principles of Democratic Government:
Ethics and Accountability in Public Office, Separation of Power, Checks and Balances, Individual and Collective Responsibility, Constitutionalism, Rule of Law, Representative Government.
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the principles of democratic government;
ii. determine the application of these principles;
9. Processes of Legislation:
Legislative Enactments - acts, edicts, bye-laws, delegated legislation, decrees.
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the processes involved in the making of laws.
10. Citizenship:
a. Meaning, types;
b. Citizenship rights;
c. Dual citizenship, renunciation, deprivation;
d. Duties and obligations of citizens;
e. Duties and obligations of the state.
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between the various methods of acquiring citizenship;
ii. specify the rights and responsibilities of a citizen;
iii. assess the obligations of the state.
11. The Electoral Process:
a. Suffrage - evolution, types;
b. Election - types, ingredients of free and fair election;
c. Electoral System - types, advantages and disadvantages of each;
d. Electoral Commission - functions, problems.
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish the different types of franchise
ii. identify and explain the types of electoral systems
iii. analyse the various electoral processes.
12. Political Parties and Party Systems:
a. Political parties - Definition, Organization, functions.
b. Party Systems - Definition, organization, functions.
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess the role of political parties;
ii. distinguish between types of party systems.
13. Pressure Groups:
a. Definition, types, functions and modes of operation.
b. Differences between Pressure Groups and Political Parties.
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the functions and the modus operandi of pressure groups;
ii. distinguish between pressure groups and political parties.
14. Public Opinion:
a. Meaning, formation and measurement.
b. Functions and limitations.
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare methods of assessing public opinion;
ii. assess the functions of public opinion;
iii. analyse the limitations of public opinion.
15. The Civil Service:
Definition, characteristics, functions, structure, control and problems.
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the significance of civil service in governance.
PART II POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
1. Pre - colonial Polities:
Pre-jihad Hausa, Emirate, Tiv, Igbo, Yoruba
a. Their structural organization;
b. The functions of their various political institutions.
Candidates should be able to:
i. appreciate the effectiveness of the pre-colonial political systems;
ii. compare pre-colonial systems of governance.
2. Imperialist Penetration:
a. The British process of acquisition - trade, missionary activities, company rule, crown colony, protectorate;
b. The British colonial administrative policy - direct and indirect rule;
c. The French colonial administrative policy - assimilation and association;
d. Impact of British colonial rule- economic, political, socio-cultural;
e. Comparison of British and French colonial administration.
Candidates should be able to:
i. trace the processes of imperialist penetration;
ii. assess the impact of British and French policies;
iii. distinguish between British and French colonial practices.
3. Process of Decolonization:
a. Nationalism - Meaning, Types;
b. Nationalist Movements - emergence, goals, strategies;
c. Nationalist Leaders - Herbert Macaulay, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Obafemi Awolowo, Ahmadu Bello, Ladipo Solanke, Aminu Kano, J. S. Tarka, Tafawa Balewa and others;
d. Emergence of nationalist parties;
e. Influence of external factors.
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the process of decolonization;
ii. assess the roles of nationalist leaders and parties;
iii. assess the impact of external forces and ideas (Pan-Africanism, Back-to-Africa Movements, Second World War etc).
4. Constitutional Development in Nigeria:
a. Hugh Clifford Constitution (1922)
b. Arthur Richards Constitution (1946)
c. John Macpherson Constitution (1951)
d. Oliver Lyttleton Constitution (1954)
e. Independence Constitution (1960)
Their features, merits and demerits.
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the various constitutional developments.
5. Post - Independence Constitutions:
1963, 1979, 1989 and 1999- characteristics and shortcomings.
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess the workings of the various constitutions.
6. Institutions of Government in the Post - Independence Nigeria:
a. The Legislative - structure, functions and working.
b. The Executive - structure, functions and workings.
c. The Judiciary - structure, functions and workings.
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the operations of the arms of government and their agencies, e.g the civil service, armed forces, police, courts and others.
7. Public Commissions Established by the 1979 and Subsequent Constitutions:
The Civil Service Commission, the Public Complaints Commission, Electoral Commissions, National Boundary Commission and others - objectives functions and problems .
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the operations of public commissions;
ii. assess the problems of the Public Commissions and their constraints.
8. Political Parties and Party Politics in Post-Independence Nigeria:
a. First Republic
b. Second Republic
c. Third Republic
d. Fourth Republic
- Evolution, membership spread, structure etc.
Candidates should be able to:
i. contrast political processes in the republics;
ii. evaluate the ideologies, structure and composition of the political parties.
9. The Structure and Workings of Nigerian Federalism:
a. Rationale for a Federal System;
b. Tiers of government and their relationship;
c. Creation of States - 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987, 1991, 1996;
d. Problems of Nigerian Federalism - census, revenue allocation, conflicts etc. solutions e.g. Federal character, etc.
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the workings of Nigerian federalism;
ii. identify its problems;
iii. evaluate the corrective measure adopted.
10. Public Corporations and Parastatals:
a. Definition, types, purpose and functions;
b. Finance, control and problems;
c. Deregulation, privatization, commercialization - objectives, features, merits and demerits;
d. Comparison between public corporations and parastatals.
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the operations of public corporations and parastatals;
ii. identify the processes involved in privatization and commercialization;
iii. assess the economic importance of privatization and commercialization.
11. Local Government:
a. Local government administration prior to 1976;
b. Features of local government reforms (1976, 1989) - structure, functions, finance and inter-governmental relations;
c. Traditional rulers and local governments;
d. Problems of local government administration in Nigeria.
Candidates should be able to:
i. trace the evolution and structure of local government;
ii. identify the major problems faced by local governments.
12. The Military in Nigerian Politics:
a. Factors that led to military intervention;
b. Structure of military regimes;
c. Impact of military rule - political, e.g creation of states, introduction of unitary system (Unification Decree NO. 34) etc. economic, e.g SAP, etc.
d. Processes of military disengagement.
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the reasons given for military intervention;
ii. assess the achievements of military rule;
iii. determine the conditions that necessitated withdrawal from governance.
PART III: FOREIGN POLICY AND NIGERIA'S RELATIONS WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
1. Foreign Policy:
- Definition, purpose, determining factors; formulation and implementation.
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define foreign policy, identify and explain its determinants
2. Nigeria's Foreign Policy:
a. Relations with major powers;
b. Relations with developing countries, e.g the Technical Aid Corps (TAC), etc.
c. Nigeria's Non-Alignment Policy.
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the major objectives of Nigeria's foreign policy.
ii. analyse Nigeria's non-aligned posture.
3. Relations with African Countries:
a. Africa as the "centre piece" of Nigeria's forieign policy - guiding principles, implementation and implications;
b. NEPAD - origin, objectives and implications.
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the role of Nigeria in continental affairs;
ii. assess the role of NEPAD in developing Africa.
4. Nigeria in International Organizations
a. The United Nations;
b. The Commonwealth;
c. The Organization of African Unity;
d. The African Union;
e. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS);
f. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the dynamics of Nigeria's involvement in international organizations;
ii. assess their contribution to the development of Nigeria.
PART IV: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:
1. International Organizations:
a. ECOWAS;
b. OAU, AU;
c. Commonwealth;
d. OPEC;
e. UNO;
f. African Petroleum Producers Association;
- Origin, objectives, structure, functions, achievements, problems and prospects of these organizations.
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the operations of these international organizations;
ii. assess the role of these organizations in world affairs;
iii. appreciate the challenges of these organizations and how they can be overcome.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
Adigwe, F (1985) Essentials of Government for West Africa, Ibadan: University Press Plc.
Anifowose, R and Enemuo, F. C (eds)(1999) Elements of Politics, Lagos; Malthouse Press Limited.
Appadorai, A. (1978) The Substance of Politics, London: Oxford University Press.
Ball, A. R. (1983) Modern Politics and Government, London: Macmillan.
Ofoegbu, R. (1977) Government for the Certificate Year, London: George Allen and Unwin.
Olawale, J. B (1987) New Topics on Ordinary Level Government, Ilesha: Jola Publishing.
Oyediran, O. Nwosu, H., Takaya, B., Anifowoshe, R., Femi, B., Godwill, O. and Adigun, A. (1990) Government for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1, 2 and 3, Ibadan: Longman.
Oyeneye, I., Onyenwenu, M. and Olusunde, B. E. (2000) Round-Up Government for Senior Secondary School Certifcate Examination: A Complete Guide, Ibadan: Longman.
Oyovbaire, S., Ogunna, A. E. C., Amucheazi, E. C., Coker, H. O. and Oshuntuyi, O. (2001) Countdown to Senior Secondary Certificate Examination: Government, Ibadan: Evans.
Complete 2017 JAMB Accounting Syllabus And Key POINTS – Revise For Questions
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Development of accounting (including branches of
accounting)
b. Objectives of bookkeeping and accounting;
c. Users and characteristics of Accounting information
d. Principles, concepts and conventions of accounting (nature,
significance and application)
e. Role of accounting records and information
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between bookkeeping and accounting;
ii. use the historical background of bookkeeping and
accounting for future development;
iii. apply the right principles, concepts and conventions to
solving accounting problems;
iv. examine the role of accounting records and information in
decision making.
v. List the branches of Accounting such as Cost Accounting,
Management Accounting, Auditing, Financial Accounting and
Taxation.
2. Principles of Double Entry
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Functions of source documents
b. Books of original entry
c. Accounting equation
d. The ledger and its classifications
e. Trial balance
f. Types and treatment of errors and uses of suspense account
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate the various source documentsto their uses;
ii. relate source documents to the various books of original
entry;
iii. determine the effect of changes in elements of accounting
equation;
iv. identify the role of double entry and use it to post
transactions into various divisions of the ledger;
v. balance off ledger accounts;
vi. extract a trial balance from balances and determine its
uses;
3. Ethics in Accounting
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Objectives
b. Qualities of an Accountant
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. use ethics in preparing and presenting Accounting Reports;
ii. list qualities of an Accountant such as honesty, integrity,
transparency, accountability and fairness.
vii. identify various types of errors and their necessary
corrections;
viii. create a suspense account.
4. Cashbook
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Columnar cashbooks
b. Discounts
c. Petty cashbook and the imprest system
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the cash float;
ii. differentiate between two and three columnar cashbooks
and how transactions are recorded in them;
iii. differentiate between trade and cash discounts;
iv. examine the effects of trade and cash discounts in the
books of accounts.
v. Identify various petty cash expense;
5. Bank Transactions and Reconciliation Statements
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Instrument of bank transactions
b. e-banking system
c. Courses of discrepancies between cashbook and bank
statement
d. Bank reconciliation statement
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify bank documents such as cheques, pay-in-slips,
credit and debit cards and their uses;
ii. assess the impact of automated credit system, credit
transfers, interbank transfers and direct debit on cash
balances;
iii. list factors that cause discrepancies between balances of
cashbook and bank statements
iv. prepare adjusted cashbook balance
v. prepare bank reconciliation statements.
6. The Final Accounts of a Sole Trader
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Income statement (Trading and profit and loss account)
b. Statement of financial position (Balance sheet)
c. Adjustments:
i. provision for bad and doubtful debt
ii. provision for discounts
iii. provision for depreciation using straight-line and reducing
balance methods
iv. accruals and prepayments
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the cost of sales, gross profit and net profit of a
sole trader;
ii. identify fixed assets, current assets, long- term liabilities,
current liabilities and proprietor’s capital;
iii. compute adjustable items on the related expenditure and
income in the profit and loss account;
iv. relate the adjustable items and their corresponding
disclosure in the statement of financial position;
v. differentiate between bad debts and provision for bad and
doubtful debts.
7. Stock Valuation
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Methods of cost determination using FIFO, LIFO and simple
average
b. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods
c. The importance of stock valuation
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the cost of materials issued to production or cost
of goods sold using FIFO, LIFO and simple average;
ii. calculate the closing stock of materials or finished goods
using FIFO, LIFO and simple average;
iii. compare the advantages and disadvantages of each
method of stock valuation;
iv. determine the effects of stock valuation on trading, profits
and cost of goods sold.
8. Control Accounts and Self-balancing Ledgers
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Importance of control accounts
b. Purchases ledger control account
c. Sales ledger control account
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the importance of control accounts in a business
enterprise;
ii. differentiate between sales ledger control account and
purchases ledger control account;
iii. identify the individual elements of control accounts;
iv. prepare the control accounts
9. Incomplete Records and Single Entry
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Conversion of single entry to double entry
b. Determination of missing figures
c. Preparation of final accounts from incomplete records
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine proprietor’s capital using statement of affairs;
ii. determine the amount of sales, purchases, cash balances,
debtors, creditors and expenses by converting single entry to
double entry;
iii. use accounting equations and gross profit percentage to
determine gross profit or cost of sales.
10. Manufacturing Accounts
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Cost classification
b. Cost apportionment
c. Preparation of manufacturing account
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. calculate prime cost, production overhead, production cost
and total cost;
ii. determine the basis of apportionment into production,
administration, selling and distribution.
11. Accounts of Not-For-Profit-Making Organizations.
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Objectives of Not-For-Profit-Making organizations
b. Receipts and payments account
c. Income and expenditure account
d. Statement of financial position (Balance sheet)
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between the features of Not-for-profit-making
organizations;
ii. determine the subscription income, subscription in arrears
and in advance;
iii. compute the cash balances and accumulated funds,
surplus and deficit for the period from all sources.
iv. Prepare:
a. receipts and payments account
b. income and expenditure account
c. statement of financial position
12. Departmental Accounts
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Objectives
b. Apportionment of expenses
c. Departmental trading and profit and loss account
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the reasons for departmental accounts;
ii. determine the expenses associated with individual
departments;
iii. compute departmental profits or losses.
13. Branch Accounts
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Objectives
b. Branch accounts in the head office books
c. Head office account
d. Reconciliation of branch and head office books
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the reasons for branch accounts;
ii. calculate profits and losses from branches;
iii.determine the sources of differences and reconcile them.
14. Joint Venture Accounts
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Objectives
b. Personal accounts of venturers
c. Memorandum Joint venture accounts
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the objectives of Joint Venture;
ii. determine the profit or loss of the Joint Venture;
iii.determine the profit or loss of each venture.
15. Partnership Accounts
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Formation of partnership
b. Profit and loss account
c. Appropriation account
d. Partners current and capital accounts
e. Treatment of goodwill
f. Admission/retirement of a partner
g. Dissolution of partnership
h. Conversion of a partnership to a company
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the instruments of partnership formation;
ii. categorize all accounts necessary for partnership;
iii. determine the effects of admission and retirement of a
partner;
iv. prepare revaluation account
v. identify the accounts required for dissolution and
conversion to a company;
vi. determine the partners share of profits or losses
16. Introduction to Company Accounts
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Formation and classification of companies
b. Issue of shares and debentures
c. Final accounts of companies
d. Interpretation of accounts using ratios.
e. Distinction between capital and revenue reserves
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between types of companies;
ii. identify the processes and procedures of recording the
issue of shares and debentures;
iii. compute elements of final accounts of companies;
iv. Interprete the accounts for decision making using ratios
such as current, acid test and stock turnover.
17. Public Sector Accounting
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Comparison of cash and accrual basis of accounting
b. Sources of government revenue
c. Capital and recurrent expenditure
d. Consolidated revenue fund
e. Statement of assets and liabilities
f. Responsibilities and powers of:
i. The Accountant General
ii. The Auditor General
i. The Minister of Finance
ii. The Treasurer of local government
g. Instruments of financial regulation
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between public sector accounting and private
sector accounting;
ii. identify the sources of government revenue;
iii. differentiate between capital and recurrent expenditure;
iii. calculate consolidated revenue fund and determine the
values of assets and liabilities;
iv. analyse the duties of the Accountant General, the Auditor
General, the Minister of Finance and the Treasurer of local
government;
v. distinguish between the elements of control in government
accounting procedures e.g. virement, warrant, votes, authority
to incur expenditure, budget and due process certificate.
18. Information Technology in Accounting
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
a. Manual and computerized accounting processing system
b. Processes involved in data processing
c. Computer hardware and software
d. Advantages and disadvantages of manual and
computerized accounting processing system
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate and differentiate between manual and computerized
accounting processing system;
ii. identify the processes involved in data processing;
iii. relate the different components of computer;
iv. identify the advantages and disadvantages of manual and
computerized accounting processing system.xbossloaded.blogspot.com
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Saturday, 3 February 2018
Jamb Series Part 26: How To Score Higher Than 80 In Jamb Use Of English
Jamb use of English
is the only compulsory subject in the Joint Admission And Matriculation examination. As such, it should be studied with all seriousness. There have been more queries as to how to pass and score very high in Jamb English.
For Some, Jamb English is very simple. For others (Especially Science students), the Jamb use of English is their nightmare. Unfortunately both parties sometimes experience poor performance in the subject. This could traced to the fact that English generally has standard rules you must follow to be successful.
If you have ever wondered how to blast Jamb use of English and surprise your friends with a score above 80, quickly stop what you are doing and focus on this life changing article.
Steps To Score High In Jamb Use Of English
Now, you are here. It is time to reveal the secrets to scoring high in Jamb use of English. Below are tricks to score very high:
Don’t class the subject as difficult.
Never class English as easy.
Study as many Idioms as possible.
Learn new words daily.
Learn how to answer comprehension passages.
Understand the tricks behind Jamb interpretation.
Work with time.
Practice every year in past Jamb questions.
Test yourself regularly.
Revision.
Now , I will try to explain each of the points above briefly.
1. Don’t Class the Use of English Difficult:
Some students tag English Language as very easy. At such, they lose interest in reading it. This will reduce your performance. Just believe that Jamb use of English can be studied.
2. Never class English as easy:
Never you underrate the Jamb use of English. Research has showed that people who class English as simple fail it more. This is because they feel they know it. Practice English often whether you think you know it or not.
3. Study as many Idioms as possible:
Jamb English questions usually feature Idioms. The more Idioms you practice, the more prepared you are to tackle the idiom section.
4. Learn New words daily:
Always go out with paper and pen. When you come across a new word, quickly put it down. You can learn a whole lot of words by watching high quality films. In any possible way, learn many words and grammar. This will prepare you for synonyms and antonyms session.
5. Learn how to answer comprehension passages:
Jamb comprehension passages carry the lion’s share in Jamb use of English. It is good you equip yourself with tools to answer Jamb comprehension questions very fast and accurately. I have completely answered the question of how to completely tackle comprehension passages.
Read: How to completely blast comprehension passages
6. Understand Jamb Interpretation:
Jamb interpretation questions can be sometimes deceitful. It is good you learn the right skills to tackle questions under this session.
7. Work with time:
You don’t have time. Ensure to answer questions very fast during practice and in the exam hall. As you work on speed, ensure to add accuracy.
8. Practice Past Jamb questions:
I have always emphasized on this… The more past questions you answer in Jamb use of English, the higher your utme score. If possible, answer Jamb use of English questions from year 2000 to the most recent ones.
Studying with Jamb past questions will help you to cover every topic that Jamb will set. It will as well enable you take note of the hot topics in Jamb use of English.
9. Test yourself regularly:
After reading topics, ensure to engage yourself in serious questions and answer session. This will help to test your level of preparedness.
10. Revision:
Ensure to revise all that you have studied.
Read Also: Total Salvation in Jamb UTME
Question for You: Which best textbook have you been reading for Jamb English?
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